Activated silane compound, rubber composition using the same and tire

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to an activated silane compound obtained by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with an organic metal compound in an organic solvent, and enhancing interaction of silica with carbon black and improving the fracture characteristic, the abrasion resistance and the low heating property provide an activated silane compound which can be reduced in a blending amount, a rubber composition prepared by blending it as a silane coupling agent and a pneumatic tire prepared by using the above rubber composition, which is excellent in a durability, a low heating property and the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an activated silane compound which isenhanced in a reactivity with silica, a rubber composition prepared byusing the same and a tire prepared by using the above rubber compositionfor at least a part of members thereof.

RELATED ART

In general, various silane coupling agents are used in silica-blendedrubber compositions for the purpose of enhancing vulcanization physicalproperties such as an elastic modulus, an tensile strength, anelongation at break, an abrasion resistance and the like. However, areactivity of silane coupling agents to silica is not yet necessarilysatisfactory, and various improvements have so far been investigated.

Proposed in a patent document 1 is a method in which in a rubbercomposition prepared by blending silica and a silane coupling agent,reaction of the silane coupling agent with silica is accelerated byadding the silane coupling agent and a silanol condensation catalyst inkneading rubber to reduce a blending amount of the silane couplingagent.

In the above method, however, since the silanol condensation catalyst isadded in kneading rubber, a contact efficiency of the catalyst with thesilane coupling agent is not necessarily satisfactory, and reaction ofthe silane coupling agent with silica can not sufficiently beaccelerated.

Further, proposed is a production process in which in the middle ofand/or after finishing primary modification in which ahydrocarbyloxysilane compound is reacted with the active end of aconjugated diene base polymer having an active end, a condensationaccelerating agent such as a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound and the likeis further added to a reaction system to carry out secondarymodification, whereby interaction of silica with carbon black isenhanced to obtain a modified polymer improved in a fracturecharacteristic, an abrasion resistance and a low heating property (referto a patent document 2 or 3).

In the above method, however, the modified polymer rubber describedabove has to be used, and it can not be applied to usual conjugateddiene base polymer rubber compositions.

Accordingly, a silane coupling agent which enhances interaction withsilica and the like without using a specific modified polymer rubber andwhich can be reduced in a blending amount has so far been desired.

Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 67887/1998Patent document 2: WO2003/046020 pamphletPatent document 3: WO2003/087171 pamphlet

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made under the situation described above,and an object of the present invention is to provide an activated silanecompound which can be reduced in a blending amount by enhancinginteraction of silica with carbon black and improving the fracturecharacteristic, the abrasion resistance and the low heating property, arubber composition prepared by blending the above-compound as a silanecoupling agent and a pneumatic tire prepared by using the above rubbercomposition, which is excellent in a durability, a low heating propertyand the like.

Intensive researches repeated by the present inventors in order toachieve the object described above have resulted in finding that theobject can be achieved by using a reaction product of a specific silanecompound with an organic metal compound. The present invention has beencompleted based the above knowledge.

That is, the present invention provides an activated silane compoundobtained by reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with an organicmetal compound in an organic solvent, a rubber composition containing 10to 180 parts by mass of silica per 100 parts by mass of a rubbercomponent and 1 to 20 mass % of the activated silane compound based onsilica and a tire prepared by using the above rubber composition for atleast a part of members thereof.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an activated silane compound obtainedby reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with an organic metalcompound in an organic solvent, and the above compound is blended as asilane coupling agent into a silica-blended rubber composition.

In this connection, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is preferably atleast one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a compoundrepresented by Formula (I), (2) a compound represented by Formula (II),(3) a compound represented by Formula (III), (4) a compound representedby Formula (IV), (5) a compound represented by Formula (V) and partiallycondensed compounds thereof.

In this regard, the partially condensed compound shows a compoundobtained by turning a part (not the whole part) of SiOR in thehydrocarbyloxysilane compound into an Si—O—Si bond by condensation.

(1) Compound Represented by Formula (I)

(wherein A¹ is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from (thio)epoxy group, (thio)isocyanate group, (thio)ketonegroup, (thio)aldehyde group, an imine residue, amide group, atrihydrocarbyl isocyanurate residue, a (thio)carboxylic ester residue, ametal salt of a (thio)carboxylic ester residue, a carboxylic anhydrideresidue, a carboxylic halide residue and a dihydrocarbyl carbonateresidue; R¹ is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbon group;R² and R³ each represent independently a monovalent aliphatichydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatichydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 0 to2; when R² is present in a plural number, plural R² may be the same ordifferent, and when OR³ is present in a plural number, plural OR³ may bethe same or different; and an active proton and an onium salt are notcontained in a molecule).

(2) Compound Represented by Formula (II)

(wherein A² is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from a cyclic tertiary amine residue, a non-cyclic tertiaryamine residue, a pyridine residue, sulfide group, multisulfide group andnitrile group; R⁴ is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbongroup; R⁵ and R⁶ each represent independently a monovalent aliphatichydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatichydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to2; when R⁵ is present in a plural number, plural R⁵ may be the same ordifferent, and when OR⁶ is present in a plural number, plural OR⁶ may bethe same or different; and an active proton and an onium salt are notcontained in a molecule).(3) Compound represented by Formula (III)

(wherein A³ is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from alkoxy group, hydroxy group, thiol group, a primary amineresidue and an onium salt thereof, a cyclic secondary amine residue andan onium salt thereof, a non-cyclic secondary amine residue and an oniumsalt thereof, an onium salt of a cyclic tertiary amine residue, an oniumsalt of a non-cyclic tertiary amine residue, a group having an aryl orarylalkyl Sn bond, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group and nitrile group; R⁷is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbon group; R⁸ and R⁹each represent independently a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon grouphaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon grouphaving 6 to 18 carbon atoms; q is an integer of 0 to 2; when R⁸ ispresent in a plural number, plural R⁸ may be the same or different, andwhen OR⁹ is present in a plural number, plural OR⁹ may be the same ordifferent).

(4) Compound Represented by Formula (IV)

(R¹⁰O)₃Si—R¹¹—S_(k)—R¹¹—Si(OR¹⁰)₃  (IV)

(wherein R¹⁰ is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbonatoms; R¹¹ is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; kis a positive number of 1 or more and has distribution; R¹⁰O in (R¹⁰O)₃may be the same or different).

(5) Compound Represented by Formula (V)

R¹² _(j)—Si—(OR¹³)_(4-j)  (V)

(wherein R¹² and R¹³ each represent independently a monovalent aliphatichydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatichydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; j is an integer of 0 to2; when plural R¹² are present, plural R¹² may be the same or different,and when plural OR¹³ are present, plural OR¹³ may be the same ordifferent; and an active proton and an onium salt are not contained in amolecule).

In Formula (I) described above, among the functional groups in A¹, theimine residue includes ketimine, aldimine and amidine, and the(thio)carboxylic ester residue includes unsaturated carboxylic esterresidues such as acrylate, methacrylate and the like. Metal in the metalsalt of the (thio)carboxylic ester residue includes alkali metals,alkali earth metals, Al, Sn, Zn and the like. Thiocarboxylic acidincludes both of S-acid and O-acid, and S-acid is preferred.

Among the groups represented by R¹, the divalent inactive hydrocarbongroup includes preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.This alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and the lineargroup is particularly suited. The examples of the above linear alkylenegroup include methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene,pentamethylene, hexmethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene,dodecamethylene and the like.

R² and R³ include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenylgroup having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbonatoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and the like. Inthis regard, the alkyl group and the alkenyl group each described abovemay be linear, branched or cyclic, and the examples thereof includemethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, vinyl, propenyl, allyl, hexenyl, octenyl, cyclopentenyl,cyclohexenyl and the like.

The above aryl group may have a substituent such as a lower alkyl groupand the like on an aromatic ring, and the examples thereof includephenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group and the like.

Further, the above aralkyl group may have a substituent such as a loweralkyl group and the like on an aromatic ring, and the examples thereofinclude benzyl group, phenethyl group, naphthylmethyl group and thelike.

The term n is an integer of 0 to 2 and preferably 0, and it is necessarythat an active proton and an onium salt are not contained in themolecule.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (I) includespreferably, for example, (thio)epoxy group-containinghydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as 2-glycidoxyethyltrimethoxysilane,2-glycidoxyethyltriethoxysilane,(2-glycidoxyethyl)methyldimethoxysilane,3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane,(3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldimethoxysilane,2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane,2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane,2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl(methyl)dimethoxysilane and the like andcompounds obtained by substituting epoxy groups in the above compoundswith thioepoxy groups. Among them, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane are particularly suited.

Further, the imine group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compoundincludes preferablyN-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine,N-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine,N-ethylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine,N-(1-methylpropylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine,N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine,N-(cyclohexylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine, andtrimethoxysilyl compounds, methyldiethoxysilyl compounds,ethyldiethoxysilyl compounds, methyldimethoxysilyl compounds,ethyldimethoxysilyl compounds and the like corresponding to the abovetriethoxysilyl compounds. Among them,N-(1-methylpropylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine andN-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene)-3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propaneamine areparticularly suited. Another examples of the imine residue (amidinegroup)-containing compound include1-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole,1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole,N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole,N-(3-isopropoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole,N-(3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole and the like. Amongthem, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole is preferred.

Further, the other hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds include carboxylicester residue-containing compounds. To be specific, it includes3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane,3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane,3-methacryloyloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane and the like. Among them,3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is preferred. The specificexamples of the thiocarboxylic ester residue-containing compound includeS-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl octanethioate.

Further, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound includes isocyanategroup-containing compounds. To be specific, it includes3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane,3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane,3-isocyanatepropyltriisopropoxysilane and the like. Among them,3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane is preferred.

Further, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound includes carboxylic anhydrideresidue-containing compounds. To be specific, it includes3-triethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride,3-trimethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride,3-methyldiethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride and the like. Among them,3-triethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride is preferred.

The above hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds (I) may be used alone or incombination of two or more kinds thereof.

In Formula (II) described above, the non-cyclic tertiary amine residueout of the groups represented by A² includes N,N-disubstituted aromaticamine residues such as N,N-disubstituted aniline residues, and thecyclic tertiary amine residue can contain a (thio)ether bond as a partof the ring. The divalent inactive hydrocarbon group out of the groupsrepresented by R⁴ and the groups represented by R⁵ and R⁶ each are thesame as explained for R¹, R² and R³ in Formula (I) described above. Itis necessary that an active proton and an onium salt are not containedin the molecule.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (II) includes,for example, non-cyclic tertiary amine residue-containinghydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as3-dimethylaminopropyl(triethoxy)silane,3-dimethylaminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane,3-diethylaminopropyl(triethoxy)silane,3-diethylaminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane,2-dimethylaminoethyl(triethoxy)silane,2-dimethylaminoethyl(trimethoxy)silane,3-dimethylaminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane,3-dibutylaminopropyl(triethoxy)silane and the like. Among them,3-dimethylaminopropyl(triethoxy)silane and3-dimethylaminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane are suited.

Further, the cyclic tertiary amine residue-containinghydrocarbyloxysilane compound includes3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(triethoxy)silane,3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(trimethoxy)silane,(1-hexamethyleneimino)methyl(trimethoxy)silane,(1-hexamethyleneimino)methyl(triethoxy)silane,2-(1-hexamethyleneimino)ethyl(triethoxy)silane,2-(1-hexamethyleneimino)ethyl(trimethoxy)silane,3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl(triethoxy)silane,3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl(trimethoxy)silane,3-(1-heptamethyleneimino)propyl(triethoxy)silane,3-(1-dodecamethyleneimino)propyl(triethoxy)silane,3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(diethoxy)methylsilane,3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(diethoxy)ethylsilane,3-[10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl]-4-oxazoline and the like. Among them,3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(triethoxy)silane and(1-hexamethyleneimino)methyl(trimethoxy)silane can preferably be given.In particular, 3-(1-hexamethyleneimino)propyl(triethoxy)silane issuited.

Further, the other hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds include2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine, 2-(triethoxysilylethyl)pyridine,2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane and the like.

The above hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds (II) may be used alone or incombination of two or more kinds thereof.

In Formula (III) described above, the primary amine residue out of thegroups represented by A³ includes aromatic amine residues such as ananiline residue, and the non-cyclic secondary amine residue includesN-(monosubstituted) aromatic amine residues such as N-(monosubstituted)aniline residues. Further, the onium salt of the non-cyclic tertiaryamine residue includes onium salts of N,N-(disubstituted) aromatic amineresidues such as N,N-(disubstituted) aniline residues. In the cases ofthe cyclic secondary amine residue and the cyclic tertiary amineresidue, (thio)ether can be contained as a part of the ring. Thedivalent inactive hydrocarbon group out of the groups represented by R⁷and the groups represented by R⁸ and R⁹ each are the same as explainedfor R¹, R² and R³ in Formula (I) described above.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (III) includes,for example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, hydroxymethyltrimethoxysilane,hydroxymethyltriethoxysilane, mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane,mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane,2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane,3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, aminophenyltrimethoxysilane,aminophenyltriethoxysilane, 3-(N-methylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane,3-(N-methylamino)propyltriethoxysilane,octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethylsilylpropyl)ammonium chloride,octadecyldimethyl(3-triethylsilylpropyl)ammonium chloride,cyanomethyltrimethoxysilane, cyanomethyltriethoxysilane,sulfonylmethyltrimethoxysilane, sulfonylmethyltriethoxysilanesulfinylmethyltrimethoxysilane, sulfinylmethyltriethoxysilane and thelike.

Among them, particularly preferred are mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane,mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane,2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.

The above hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds (III) may be used alone or incombination of two or more kinds thereof.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (IV) describedabove and/or the partially condensed products thereof can be used forthe hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds of (4) described above. In this case,the partially condensed products are the same as described in Formula(I).

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (IV) includessuitably bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide,bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis(3-trimethoxypropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide,bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, bis(3-trimethoxypropyl) trisulfide,bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) trisulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl) disulfide, bis(3-trimethoxypropyl)disulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) disulfide and mixtures containingat least one of the above compounds. Among the compounds describedabove, the commercially available compound includes trade name Si69(manufactured by Degussa AG.) comprising bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (hereinafter referred to as TESPT) as a principalcomponent.

Further, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (V)described above and/or the partially condensed products thereof can beused for the hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds of (5) described above. Inthis case, the partially condensed products are the same as described inFormula (I). In Formula (V) described above, R¹² and R¹³ are the same asexplained for R² and R³ in Formula (I) described above.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (V) includes,for example, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane,tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane,tetraisobutoxysilane, tetra-sec-butoxysilane, tetra-tert-butoxysilane,methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane,methyltriisopropoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane,propyltriethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane,phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane,methylphenyldimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane,vinyltriethoxysilane, divinyldimethoxysilane, divinyldiethoxysilane andthe like.

The above hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds (V) may be used alone or incombination of two or more kinds thereof.

Further, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds represented by Formulas (I)to (V) described above may be used in combination of two or more kindsthereof.

Next, the organic metal compound used for producing the activated silanecompound of the present invention shall be explained. This organic metalcompound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of(6) to (9) shown below, and the organic metal compound may be used aloneor in combination of two or more kinds thereof.

(6) Carboxylate of Tin Having an Oxidation Number of 2 Represented byFormula (VI)

Sn(OCOR¹⁴)₂  (VI)

(wherein R¹⁴ is a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 19, and two OCOR¹⁴ maybe the same or different).

(7) Compound of Tin Having an Oxidation Number of 4 Represented byFormula (VII)

R¹⁵ _(r)SnA⁴ _(t)B¹ _((4-t-r))  (VII)

(wherein r is an integer of 1 to 3; t is an integer of 1 or 2; t+r is aninteger of 3 or 4; R¹⁵ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having1 to 30 carbon atoms, and when R¹⁵ is present in a plural number, theymay be the same or different; B¹ is a hydroxyl group or halogen; A⁴ is agroup selected from (a) a carboxyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms,(b) a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, (c) ahydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and (d) a siloxy grouptrisubstituted (may be the same or different) in total with ahydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and/or a hydrocarbyloxygroup having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and when plural A⁴ are present, theymay be the same or different).

(8) Titanium Compound Having an Oxidation Number of 4 Represented byFormula (VIII)

A⁵ _(x)TiB² _((4-x))  (VIII)

(wherein x is an integer of 2 or 4; A⁵ is (a) a hydrocarbyloxy grouphaving 2 to 30 carbon atoms or (b) a siloxy group trisubstituted intotal with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and/or ahydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and when plural A⁵ ispresent in a plural number, they may be the same or different; B² is a1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and when B²is present in a plural number, they may be the same or different).

(9) Aluminum Compound Having an Oxidation Number of 3 Represented byFormula (IX)

Al(OR¹⁶)₃  (IX)

(wherein R¹⁶ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms).

The carboxylate of tin having an oxidation number of 2 represented byFormula (VI) in (6) described above is preferably at least one organicmetal compound selected from tin bis(2-ethylhexanoate), tin dioleate andtin dilaurate.

Among the compounds of tin having an oxidation number of 4 representedby Formula (VII) in (7) described above, (a) the carboxylate of tinincludes suitably dicarboxylate of tetravalent dihydrocarbyltin(including bis(hydrocarbyldicarboxylic acid) salts) and monocarboxylatehydroxide; (b) the compound having a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing grouphaving 5 to 30 carbon atoms includes suitably bis(1,3-diketonate); (c)the compound having a hydrocarbyloxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atomsincludes suitably alkoxy halides; and (d) the compound having a siloxygroup trisubstituted (may be the same or different) in total with ahydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and/or a hydrocarbyloxygroup having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes suitably alkoxy(trihydrocarbyl oxide), alkoxy (dihydrocarbylalkoxy siloxide),bis(trihydrocarbyl siloxide), bis(dihydrocarbylalkoxy siloxide) and thelike. The hydrocarbon group bonded to tin is preferably a group having 4or more carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Thedicarboxylate of tetravalent dihydrocarbyltin is particularly preferablydibutyltin dilaurate and dioctyltin dilaurate.

The titanium compound having an oxidation number of 4 represented byFormula (VIII) in (8) described above includes tetraalkoxide ortetrakis(trihydrocarbylalkoxy siloxide) of titanium having an oxidationnumber of 4 or a titanium chelate compound represented by Formula (X)shown below:

(R¹⁷O)₂Ti[CH₃—(C═O)—CH—(C═O)—CH₃]₂  (X)

(wherein R¹⁷O is a hydrocarbyloxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms andmay be the same or different).

Among them, titanium (IV) 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanedioleate ordiisopropoxybis(acetylacetonate)titanium which is one example of thetitanium chelate compound represented by Formula (X) is particularlysuitably used.

Further, the aluminum compound having an oxidation number of 3represented by Formula (IX) in (9) described above includestri-tert-butoxyaluminum, tri-sec-butoxyaluminum and the like. Amongthem, tri-tert-butoxyaluminum and tri-sec-butoxyaluminum areparticularly preferred.

The organic solvent used in producing the activated silane compound ofthe present invention may be any ones as long as they dissolve thehydrocarbyloxysilane compounds and the organic metal compounds, and theyinclude hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane and the like, alcoholssuch as ethanol, butanol, pentanol and the like and cyclic or linearethers such as tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone and the like.

The above solvents may be used alone or, if necessary, in combination oftwo or more kinds thereof. A required amount of water may be usedaccording to the kinds of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound and theorganic metal compound. Water is suitably used alone or in the forms ofa solution of alcohol and the like and a micelle dispersed in ahydrocarbon solvent, and in addition thereto, water which is potentiallycontained in a compound capable of releasing water in a reaction system,such as water adsorbed on a surface of a solid matter, hydrated water ofhydrates and the like can effectively be used as well if necessary.Accordingly, combined use of the metal compounds described above withcompounds such as solid matters having adsorbed water, hydrates and thelike which can readily release water is included in the preferredembodiment.

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound and the organic metal compound eachdescribed above may be added separately to the reaction system or in theform of a mixture prepared by mixing them immediately before used, butstorage of the mixture over a long period of time brings aboutdecomposition of the metal compound and therefore is not preferred.

The use amounts of the above organic metal compound and water used ifnecessary are selected preferably so that a mole ratio thereof based onthe combined amount of the metal in the organic metal compound and thehydrocarbyloxysilane compound present in the system is 0.1 or more forboth of them.

The reaction of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with the organic metalcompound is carried out preferably at a temperature of 20° C. or higherunder the atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen and the like, and itis carried out usually at room temperature. However, it may be carriedout, if necessary, under heating at a temperature falling in a range of30 to 120° C. The reaction is carried out preferably at a reaction timeof 30 to 300 minutes.

The activated silane compound of the present invention produced in themanner described above contains preferably 10 to 180 parts by mass ofsilica per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Further, in thisrubber composition, the activated silane compound is blended in anamount of 1 to 20 mass %, preferably 1 to 15 mass %, more preferably 1to 15 mass %, further preferably 3 to 15 mass % and particularlypreferably 5 to 15 mass % based on the silica.

The silica used for the rubber composition of the present inventionshall not specifically be restricted, and products optionally selectedfrom those which have so far been conventionally used as a reinforcingfiller can be used.

The above silica includes, for example, wet silica (hydrous silica), drysilica (silicic anhydride) and the like, and among them, wet silicawhich exerts most notably an effect of improving a fracturecharacteristic, an abrasion resistance and a low heating property ispreferred. A nitrogen adsorbing specific surface area (N₂SA, accordingto a BET method) of silica is preferably 100 to 500 m²/g. Suited wetsilica includes AQ, VN3, LP, NA and the like each manufactured by TosohSilica Corporation and Ultrasil VN3 (N₂SA: 210 m²/g) manufactured byDegussa AG.

The silica described above is blended preferably in an amount of 10 to180 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component from theviewpoints of a physical property-improving effect and a kneadingworkability.

In the present invention, carbon black and/or an inorganic fillerrepresented by the following Formula (XI) in addition to the silicadescribed above may be further blended, if necessary, in an amount of 5to 100 parts by mass for the purpose of improving the physicalproperties and the like:

mM¹ .xSiO_(y) .zH₂O  (XI)

(wherein M¹ is metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum,magnesium, titanium, calcium and zirconium or at least one selected fromoxides or hydroxides of the above metals, hydrates thereof andcarbonates of the above metals; m, x, y and z each are an integer of 1to 5, an integer of 0 to 10, an integer of 2 to 5 and an integer of 0 to10; when both of x and z are 0 in the formula described above, the aboveinorganic compound is at least one metal selected from aluminum,magnesium, titanium, calcium and zirconium, metal oxide or metalhydroxide).

The carbon black described above includes, for example, FEF, GPF, SRF,HAF, N339, IISAF, ISAF, SAF and the like. A nitrogen adsorption specificsurface area (N₂SA, according to JIS K 6217-2: 2001) of carbon black ispreferably 20 to 160 m²/g, more preferably 70 to 160 m²/g. Further, itis preferably carbon black having a dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP,according to JIS K 6217-4: 2001) of 80 to 170 cm³/100 g. An effect ofimproving the various physical properties, particularly the rupturecharacteristic grows large by using the above carbon blacks. Preferredcarbon black is HAF, N339, IISAF, ISAF and SAF.

Capable of being used as the inorganic filler represented by Formula(XI) are alumina (Al₂O₃) such as γ-alumina, α-alumina and the like,alumina monohydrate (Al₂O₃.H₂O) such as boehmite, diaspore and the like,aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) such as gibbsite, bayerite and the like,aluminum carbonate (Al₂(CO₃)₂), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), magnesiumoxide (MgO), magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), talc (3MgO.4SiO₂.H₂O),attapulgite (5MgO.8SiO₂.9H₂O), titan white (TiO₂), titan black(TiO_(2n-1)), calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂),magnesium aluminum oxide (MgO.Al₂O₃), clay (Al₂O₃.2SiO₂), kaolin(Al₂O₃.2SiO₂.2H₂O), pyrophyllite (Al₂O₃.4SiO₂—H₂O), bentonite(Al₂O₃.4SiO₂.2H₂O), aluminum silicate (Al₂SiO₅, Al₄.3SiO₄.5H₂O and thelike), magnesium silicate (Mg₂SiO₄, MgSiO₃ and the like), calciumsilicate (Ca₂.SiO₄ and the like), calcium aluminum silicate(Al₂O₃.CaO.2SiO₂ and the like), calcium magnesium silicate (CaMgSiO₄),calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), zirconium hydroxide(ZrO(OH)₂ .nH₂O), zirconium carbonate (Zr(CO₃)₂) and crystallinealuminosilicate containing hydrogen, alkali metal or alkali earth metalwhich corrects a charge, such as various zeolites. Among them, theinorganic fillers in which M¹ in Formula (XI) described above isselected from aluminum metal, oxide or hydroxide of aluminum, hydratethereof and carbonate of aluminum are preferred, and aluminum hydroxideis particularly preferred.

Optional rubbers which have so far been blended usually for variousrubber compositions, for example, natural rubber (NR), polyisoprenerubber (IR), various styrene-butadiene copolymer rubbers (SBR), variouspolybutadiene rubbers (BR), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubbers(NBR), diene base rubbers such as butyl rubber, ethylene-propylenecopolymer rubbers (EPR, EPDM) and the like can be used as the rubberused for the rubber component of the rubber composition of the presentinvention in the form of a single component or an optional blend.

Various chemicals which have so far been used usually in the rubberindustry, for example, vulcanizing agents, vulcanization acceleratingagents, process oils, antioxidants, scorch preventives, zinc oxide,stearic acid and the like can be added to the rubber composition of thepresent invention as long as the object of the present invention is notdamaged.

The vulcanizing agent described above includes sulfur and the like, anda use amount thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass, morepreferably 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass in terms of a sulfur content basedon 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

The vulcanization accelerating agent which can be used in the presentinvention shall not specifically be restricted and includes, forexample, thiazole base vulcanization accelerating agents such as M(2-mercaptobenzothiazole), DM (benzothiazyl disulfide), CZ(N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide) and the like and guanidine basevulcanization accelerating agents such as DPG (diphenylguanidine) andthe like. A use amount thereof is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass,more preferably 0.2 to 3.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of therubber component.

Further, the process oil which can be used for the rubber composition ofthe present invention includes, for example, a paraffin base, anaphthene base, an aromatic base and the like. A use amount thereof ispreferably 0 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubbercomponent. If it is 100 parts by mass or less, the vulcanized rubber isimproved in a tensile strength and a low heating property.

The rubber composition of the present invention is obtained by kneadingwith a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer, a roll, an internalmixer and the like, and it is vulcanized after molding processing andused for members such as, for example, tire tread, undertread,sidewalls, carcass coating rubber, belt coating rubber, bead fillers,chafer, bead coating rubber and the like in tire use.

The pneumatic tire of the present invention is produced by aconventional process using the rubber composition of the presentinvention described above. That is, the rubber composition of thepresent invention blended with various chemicals as described above isprocessed, if necessary, into respective members in a stage in which itis not yet vulcanized, and the respective members are stuck and moldedin a tire building machine to form an uncured tire. This uncured tire isheated and pressurized in a vulcanizing machine to obtain a tire.

The pneumatic tire of the present invention thus obtained is excellentin a durability and a low heating property.

EXAMPLES

Next, the present invention shall be explained in further details withreference to examples, but the present invention shall by no means berestricted by these examples.

A Mooney viscosity of unvulcanized rubbers of rubber compositionsobtained in the respective examples and the physical properties of thevulcanized rubbers were measured according to following methods.

(1) Mooney Viscosity:

ML₁₊₄ was measured at 130° C. according to JIS K 6300: 2001.

(2) Rupture Characteristics:

A dumbbell-like No. 3 type test piece was used to carry out a tensiletest according to JIS K 6251: 2004 to measure a tensile stress at break(TSb, unit: MPa) and an elongation at break (Eb, unit: %). The largerthe measured value is, the better the rupture characteristics are.

(3) Abrasion Resistance:

I (abrasion resistance index (%)) was measured according to JIS K6264-2: 2005 improved Lambourn abrasion test, and this numerical valuewas shown by an index, wherein a data obtained in Comparative Example 1was set to 100. The larger the numerical value is, the better theabrasion resistance is.

(4) Low Heating Property:

A spectrometer (dynamic viscoelasticity measuring test machine)manufactured by Ueshima Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was used to measure tan δat a frequency of 52 Hz, an initial strain of 10%, a measuringtemperature of 60° C. and a dynamic strain of 1%. The smaller themeasured value is, the better the low heating property is.

Production Example 1 Preparation of Reaction Product of TESPT and TinDioleate (Oxidation Number: 2)

A reaction product of TESPT (trade name Si69 manufactured by Degussa AG.was used) and tin dioleate (oxidation number: 2) was prepared in thefollowing manner.

A flask of 300 ml was charged with 100 ml of deoxidized cyclohexaneunder nitrogen atmosphere and further charged with 0.05 mole of Si69,and the mixture was stirred well. A cyclohexane 50 ml solution of 0.05mole of tin dioleate (oxidation number: 2) which was substituted withnitrogen was dropwise added slowly to the above solution at roomtemperature, and then the solution was stirred for 15 minutes. A hotbath of 50° C. was used to remove the solvent from the above solution in30 minutes under a reduced pressure of 26.7 hPa by means of anevaporator. Further, the solution was then maintained at 1.33 hPa orlower, whereby the solvent component was completely removed to obtain anactivated silane compound.

Production Example 2 Preparation of Reaction Product of TESPT and TinDibutyldioleate (Oxidation Number: 4)

Preparation was carried out by the same method as in Production Example1, except that tin dibutyldioleate was used in place of tin dioleate.

Production Example 3 Preparation of reaction product of TESPT andtitanium (IV) 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanedioleate (oxidation number: 4,manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.)

Preparation was carried out by the same method as in Production Example1, except that titanium (IV) 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanedioleate (manufactured bySigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.) was used in place of tin dioleate.

Production Example 4 Preparation of reaction product of3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane and tindibutyloleate (oxidation number: 4)

Preparation was carried out by the same method as in Production Example1, except that 0.01 mole of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane(manufactured by Gelest Inc.) and 0.04 mole of n-octyltriethoxysilane(manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) were used in place ofTESPT and that tin dibutyldioleate was used in place of tin dioleate.

Production Example 5 Preparation of reaction product ofS-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl octanethioate and tin dioleate

Preparation was carried out by the same method as in Production Example1, except that S-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl octanethioate (trade name: NXTSilane, manufactured by General Electric Company) was used in place ofTESPT.

Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6

Rubber compositions were prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 6 according to blend formulations shown in Table 2 basedon blend formulations shown in Table 1. Then, the Mooney viscosity, thetensile stress at break, the elongation at break, the abrasionresistance and the low heating property were tested by the test methodsdescribed above. The results thereof are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1 Blend formulation Mass part SBR *1 100 Silica *2 50 Activatedsilane compound *3 Refer to Table 2 Silica dispersant *4 Refer to Table2 Aroma oil 20 Stearic acid 2 Zinc oxide 3 Antioxidant 6C *5 1Vulcanization accelerating agent D *6 0.4 Vulcanization acceleratingagent NS *7 1 Sulfur 1.75 Remarks: *1: SBR 1500, styrene content = 23.5mass %, vinyl bonding amount = 18%, manufactured by JSR Corporation *2:Wet silica, trade name: Nipsil AQ, manufactured by Tosoh SilicaCorporation *3: Activated silane compounds described in ProductionExamples 1 to 5, silane coupling agents 1 to 3 and a tin catalyst (tinbis(2-ethylhexanoate) (oxidation number: 2)) *4: n-Octyltriethoxysilane*5: N-1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, trade name:Nocrac 6C, manufactured by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.*6: 1,3-diphenylguanidine, trade name: Nocceler D, manufactured by OuchiShinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. *7:N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, trade name: Nocceler NS,manufactured by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.

TABLE 2 Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Blend formulation (mass part) Silanecoupling agent 1 *A — — — — — — — — Silane coupling agent 2 *B — — — — —— — — Silane coupling agent 3 *C — — — — — — — — Activated silanecompound 5 2.5 1.5 0.5 — — — — described in Production Example 1Activated silane compound — — — — 5 — — — described in ProductionExample 2 Activated silane compound — — — — — 5 — — described inProduction Example 3 Activated silane compound — — — — — — 5 — describedin Production Example 4 Activated silane compound — — — — — 5 — 7described in Production Example 5 Tin bis(2-ethylhexanoate — — — — — — —— (oxidation number: 2) Silica dispersant (refer to Table — — — — — — —— 1) Evaluation results Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4: 130° C.) 60 63 80 10064 64 64 46 tensile stress at break 23.5 22.7 22 20.5 23 23.6 29.7 25.7[TSb (MPa)] Elongation at break [Eb (%)] 515 490 480 460 551 551 508 508Abrasion resistance (index) 130 125 118 115 126 126 124 126 Low heatingproperty (tan δ) 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 ComparativeExample 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blend formulation (mass part) Silane coupling agent1 *A — 5 — — — — Silane coupling agent 2 *B — — 5 — — — Silane couplingagent 3 *C — — — 7 — — Activated silane compound — — — — — — describedin Production Example 1 Activated silane compound — — — — — — describedin Production Example 2 Activated silane compound — — — — — — describedin Production Example 3 Activated silane compound — — — — — — describedin Production Example 4 Activated silane compound — — — — — — describedin Production Example 5 Tin bis(2-ethylhexanoate — — — — 5 — (oxidationnumber: 2) Silica dispersant (refer to Table — — — — — 5 1) Evaluationresults Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4: 130° C.) 110 65 68 52 105 62 tensilestress at break 19.5 22.5 23 25.2 20.5 20 [TSb (MPa)] Elongation atbreak [Eb (%)] 435 475 489 513 440 515 Abrasion resistance (index) 100125 120 123 102 105 Low heating property (tan δ) 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.120.15 0.15 Remarks: *A: TESPT (trade name Si69, manufactured by DegussaAG.) *B: S-3-triethoxysilylpropyl octanethioate (trade name: NXT Silane,manufactured by General Electric Company) *C: mixture of3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (manufactured by GelestInc.)/n-octyltriethoxysilane (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co.,Ltd.) = 20/80 (mole ratio)

As can be seen from the results shown in Table 2, the rubbercompositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 8) were improved ina fracture characteristic, an abrasion resistance and a low heatingproperty as compared with the rubber composition prepared in ComparativeExample 1. Further, they had a low Mooney viscosity and showed a goodworkability.

Further, as apparent from comparison of the results obtained in Examples1 to 8 with those obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the activatedsilane compounds of the present invention could be reduced in a blendingamount as compared with conventional activated silane compounds.

Examples 9 to 16 and Comparative Examples 7 to 12

The rubber compositions prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 6 each were provided on a tread of a radial tire forpassenger cars having a size of 185/60R14 to produce fourteen kinds oftires for trial use in Examples 9 to and Comparative Examples 7 to 12,and the abrasion resistance and the low heating property were evaluated.The tires produced in Examples 9 and 13 to 16 were excellent in both ofan abrasion resistance and a low heating property as compared with thetires produced in Comparative Examples 8 to 12.

Further, the tires produced in Examples 9 to 16 were excellent in bothof an abrasion resistance and a low heating property as compared withthe tire produced in Comparative Examples 7.

According to the present invention, enhancing interaction of silica withcarbon black and improving the fracture characteristic, the abrasionresistance and the low heating property make it possible to provide anactivated silane compound which can be reduced in a blending amount, arubber composition prepared by blending it as a silane coupling agentand a pneumatic tire prepared by using the above rubber composition,which is excellent in a durability, a low heating property and the like.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The activated silane compound of the present invention enhancesinteraction of silica with carbon black and improves the fracturecharacteristic, the abrasion resistance and the low heating property,and therefore it is suitably blended into various rubber compositions,particularly silica-blended rubber compositions. The above rubbercompositions are suitably used for treads, sidewalls, various casemembers and the like in radial tires for passenger cars, radial tiresfor light cars, radial tires for light trucks, radial tires for trucksand buses, radial tires for construction vehicles and the like. Further,they are suitably used as well for various industrial rubber products,for example, belt conveyors, hoses, rubber lashers, quake-absorbingrubbers and the like.

1. An activated silane compound obtained by reacting ahydrocarbyloxysilane compound with an organic metal compound in anorganic solvent.
 2. The activated silane compound according to claim 1,wherein the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is at least one compoundselected from the group consisting of (1) a compound represented byFormula (I), (2) a compound represented by Formula (II), (3) a compoundrepresented by Formula (III), (4) a compound represented by Formula(IV), (5) a compound represented by Formula (V) and partially condensedcompounds thereof: (1) a compound represented by Formula (I)

(wherein A¹ is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from (thio)epoxy group, (thio)isocyanate group, (thio)ketonegroup, (thio)aldehyde group, an imine residue, amide group, atrihydrocarbyl isocyanurate residue, a (thio)carboxylic ester residue, ametal salt of a (thio)carboxylic ester residue, a carboxylic anhydrideresidue, a carboxylic halide residue and a dihydrocarbyl carbonateresidue; R¹ is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbon group;R² and R³ each represent independently a monovalent aliphatichydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatichydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 0 to2; when R² is present in a plural number, plural R² may be the same ordifferent, and when OR³ is present in a plural number, plural OR³ may bethe same or different; and an active proton and an onium salt are notcontained in a molecule); (2) a compound represented by Formula (II)

(wherein A² is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from a cyclic tertiary amine residue, a non-cyclic tertiaryamine residue, a pyridine residue, sulfide group, multisulfide group andnitrile group; R⁴ is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbongroup; R⁵ and R⁶ each represent independently a monovalent aliphatichydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatichydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to2; when R⁵ is present in a plural number, plural R⁵ may be the same ordifferent, and when OR⁶ is present in a plural number, plural OR⁶ may bethe same or different; and an active proton and an onium salt are notcontained in a molecule); (3) a compound represented by Formula (III)

(wherein A³ is a monovalent group having at least one functional groupselected from alkoxy group, hydroxy group, thiol group, a primary amineresidue and an onium salt thereof, a cyclic secondary amine residue andan onium salt thereof, a non-cyclic secondary amine residue and an oniumsalt thereof, an onium salt of a cyclic tertiary amine residue, an oniumsalt of a non-cyclic tertiary amine residue, a group having an aryl orarylalkyl Sn bond, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group and nitrile group; R⁷is a single bond or a divalent inactive hydrocarbon group; R⁸ and R⁹each represent independently a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon grouphaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon grouphaving 6 to 18 carbon atoms; q is an integer of 0 to 2; when R⁸ ispresent in a plural number, plural R⁸ may be the same or different, andwhen OR⁹ is present in a plural number, plural OR⁹ may be the same ordifferent); (4) a compound represented by Formula (IV)(R¹⁰O)₃Si—R¹¹—S_(k)—R¹¹—Si(OR¹⁰)₃ (wherein R¹⁰ is a monovalenthydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R¹¹ is a divalenthydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; k is a positive number of1 or more and has distribution; R¹⁰O in (R¹⁰O)₃ may be the same ordifferent); (5) a compound represented by Formula (V)R¹² _(j)—Si—(OR¹³)_(4-j) (wherein R¹² and R¹³ each representindependently a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18carbon atoms; j is an integer of 0 to 2; when plural R¹² are present,plural R¹² may be the same or different, and when plural OR¹³ arepresent, plural OR¹³ may be the same or different; and an active protonand an onium salt are not contained in a molecule).
 3. The activatedsilane compound according to claim 1, wherein the organic metal compoundis at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (6) to(9) shown below: (6) carboxylate of tin having an oxidation number of 2represented by Formula (VI)Sn(OCOR¹⁴)₂  (VI) (wherein R¹⁴ is a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 19,and two OCOR¹⁴ may be the same or different); (7) a compound of tinhaving an oxidation number of 4 represented by Formula (VII)R¹⁵ _(r)SnA⁴ _(t)B_((4-t-r))  (VII) (wherein r is an integer of 1 to 3;t is an integer of 1 or 2; t+r is an integer of 3 or 4; R¹⁵ representsan aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and when R¹⁵is present in a plural number, they may be the same or different; B¹ isa hydroxyl group or halogen; A⁴ is a group selected from (a) a carboxylgroup having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, (b) a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing grouphaving 5 to 30 carbon atoms, (c) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30carbon atoms and (d) a siloxy group trisubstituted (may be the same ordifferent) in total with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atomsand/or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and when A⁴is present in a plural number, they may be the same or different); (8)titanium compound having an oxidation number of 4 represented by Formula(VIII)A⁵ _(x)TiB² _((4-x))  (VIII) (wherein x is an integer of 2 or 4; A⁵ is(a) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or (b) a siloxygroup trisubstituted in total with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbonatoms and/or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, andwhen A⁵ is present in a plural number, they may be the same ordifferent; B² is a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbonatoms, and when B² is present in a plural number, they may be the sameor different); (9) aluminum compound having an oxidation number of 3represented by Formula (IX)Al(OR¹⁶)₃  (IX) (wherein R¹⁶ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30carbon atoms).
 4. The activated silane compound according to claim 2 or3, wherein the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by Formula (IV)is a compound selected from the group consisting ofbis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(3-trimethoxypropyl) tetrasulfide,bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl) trisulfide,bis(3-trimethoxypropyl) trisulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide,bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl) disulfide, bis(3-trimethoxypropyl) disulfide,bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) disulfide and mixtures containing at leastone of the above compounds or a mixture thereof.
 5. The activated silanecompound according to claim 2, wherein the carboxylate of tin having anoxidation number of 2 represented by Formula (VI) is at least oneorganic metal compound selected from tin bis(2-ethylhexanoate), tindioleate and tin dilaurate.
 6. A rubber composition comprising 10 to 180parts by mass of silica per 100 parts by mass of a rubber component and1 to 20 mass % of the activated silane compound according to any ofclaims 1 to 5 based on silica.
 7. The rubber composition according toclaim 6, further comprising carbon black and/or an inorganic fillerrepresented by the following Formula (XI) in an amount of 5 to 100 partsby mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component:mM¹ .xSiO_(y) .zH₂O  (XI) (wherein M¹ is a metal selected from the groupconsisting of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, calcium and zirconium or atleast one selected from oxides or hydroxides of the above metals,hydrates thereof and carbonates of the above metals; m, x, y and z eachare an integer of 1 to 5, an integer of 0 to 10, an integer of 2 to 5and an integer of 0 to 10; when both of x and z are 0 in the formuladescribed above, the above inorganic compound is at least one metalselected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, calcium and zirconium,metal oxide or metal hydroxide).
 8. A tire prepared by using the rubbercomposition according to claim 6 for a part of members thereof.